《中国植物志》|| 桦木科 BETULACEAE ||硕桦亚组 Subsect. 3. Costatae Regel ||岳桦 Betula ermanii Cham.

15. 岳桦（东北木本植物图志）
Betula ermanii Cham. in Linnaea 6: 537. t. 6. fig. Da-e. 1831; Regel in Nouv. Mem Soc. Nat. Moscou 13 (2): 120. t. 6. fig. 35-38. t. 12. fig. 13- 28. 1861. excl. var. γ. et in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 38 (2): 414. 1865. et in DC., Prodr. 16 (2): 176. 1868; Shirai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 8: 321. t. 6. fig. 7-9. 1894; Kpm. in Acta Horti Petrop 22: 49. 1903.; Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 102. fig. 53 f-g2. 54 1-12. 1904. et in Sarg., Pl. Wils. 2: 468. 1916; H. Winkl. in Engler, Pflanzenreich 19 (IV-61): 66. 1904; Nakai in Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 31: 201. 1911. et in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 29: 43. 1915; Кузеневаe, Фл. CCCP 5: 276. Табл. 13. рис. 2, 1936; Vasiliev in Bot. Zhur. URSS 27: 3. fig. 1942;刘慎谔, 东北木本植物图志199. 图版70. 1. 图1-9.图版71. 图101. 1955; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 373. 1965; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 392. 图784. 1972. ——Betula ermanii Cham. var. genuxna Regel, l. c. 122. t. 2. fig. 13-28. 1861. ——Betula ermanii Cham. var. lanata,Regel, l. c. 122. t. 6. fig. 37-38. 1861; 刘 慎谔, 文献同上, 200. 1955. Betula ermanii Cham var. typica Regel, l. c. 415. 1865. Betula ulmi f olio Sieb. et Zucc. var. glandulosa, H. Winkl., l. c. 64. 1904.
乔木；高8-15 (20)米；树皮灰白色，成层、大片剥裂。枝条红褐色，无毛；幼枝暗绿 色，密被长柔毛，稍有树脂腺体；芽鳞密被白色绒毛。叶三角状卵形，宽卵形或卵形，长 2-7厘米，宽1.2-5厘米，顶端锐尖、渐尖，有时成短尾状，基部圆形，截形，宽楔形或微 心形，边缘具规则或不规则的锐尖重锯齿，上面疏被毛，下面几无毛，密被腺点，侧脉8- 12对，两面沿脉均密被长柔毛；叶柄长1-2.4厘米，幼时密被长柔毛，以后毛渐脱落。果 序单生，直立，矩圆形，长1.5-2.7厘米，直径8-15毫米；序梗短，长3-5毫米，密被白 色长柔毛；果苞长约5-8毫米，除边缘具纤毛外，其余无毛，基部楔形，3枚裂片均为倒披 针形或披针形，侧裂片近直立，稍短于中裂片。小坚果倒卵形或长卵形，长约2.5毫米，宽 1-8-2毫米，膜质翅宽为果的其/2或1/3。
产于长白山和大、小兴安岭。生于海拔1000-1700米的山坡林中，长白山有纯林。苏 联堪察加半岛、朝鲜、日本也有。模式标本采自苏联堪察加半岛。
木材可供建筑。

《Flora of China》|| Betulaceae || Betula ||岳桦 Betula ermanii

20. Betula ermanii Chamisso, Linnaea. 6: 537. 1831.

岳桦 yue hua

Trees to 20 m tall; bark grayish white, exfoliating in thin sheets. Branches red-brown, glabrous; branchlets brown-green, densely villous, resinous glandular; bud scales densely silky villous. Petiole 1-2.4 cm; leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, or triangular-ovate, 2-7 × 1.2-5 cm, abaxially resinous punctate and villous, adaxially sparsely villous, base subrounded, truncate, broadly cuneate, or subcordate, margin irregularly and doubly mucronate serrate, apex acute, acuminate, or caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 8-12 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence ovoid or oblong, 1.5-2.7 × 0.8-1.5 cm; peduncle 3-6 mm or obscure; bracts 5-8 mm, 3-lobed, lobes oblanceolate, lateral lobes spreading or erect, slightly shorter than middle lobe. Nutlet obovate or ovate-elliptic, 2.5-3 × 1.8-2 mm, with membranous wings ca. 1/2 as wide as nutlet. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 56.

Forming pure forest stands, but also in mixed forests of coniferous and broad-leaved trees; 1000-1700 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol [Japan, N Korea, Russia (Kamchatka)]

The wood is hard and dense, and is used for construction and making furniture.