《中国植物志》|| 木兰科 MAGNOLIACEAE ||荷花玉兰组 Sect. Theorhodon Spach ||荷花玉兰 Magnolia grandiflora L.

15. 荷花玉兰（广州植物志） 洋玉兰（中国树木分类学），广玉兰（上海）
Magnolia grandiflora Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1802. 1759; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学296-297.图219. 1937; 广州植物志79.图21. 1956; 中国药用植物志5: 图218. 1957; 海南植物志1: 224. 1964; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 791. 1582. 1972. Spongb. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 57: 260. f. 1. 1976;湖北植物志 1: 426. 1976;中国树木志1: 454. 136. 1983; 广东植物志1: 8. 图7. 1987.
常绿乔木，在原产地高达30米；树皮淡褐色或灰色，薄鳞片状开裂；小枝粗壮，具横隔的髓心；小枝、芽、叶下面，叶柄、均密被褐色或灰褐色短绒毛（幼树的叶下面无毛）。叶厚革质，椭圆形，长圆状椭圆形或倒卵状椭圆形，长10-20厘米，宽4-7（10）厘米，先端钝或短钝尖，基部楔形，叶面深绿色，有光泽；侧脉每边8-10条；叶柄长1.5-4厘米，无托叶痕，具深沟。花白色，有芳香，直径15-20厘米；花被片9-12，厚肉质，倒卵形，长6-10厘米，宽5-7厘米；雄蕊长约2厘米，花丝扁平，紫色，花药内向，药隔伸出成短尖；雌蕊群椭圆体形，密被长绒毛；心皮卵形，长1-1.5厘米，花柱呈卷曲状。聚合果圆柱状长圆形或卵圆形，长7-10厘米，径4-5厘米，密被褐色或淡灰黄色绒毛；蓇葖背裂，背面圆，顶端外侧具长喙；种子近卵圆形或卵形，长约14毫米，径约6毫米，外种皮红色，除去外种皮的种子，顶端延长成短颈。花期5-6月，果期9-10月。
原产北美洲东南部。我国长江流域以南各城市有栽培。兰州及北京公园也有栽培。本种广泛栽培，超过150个栽培品系。
花大，白色，状如荷花，芳香，为美丽的庭园绿化观赏树种，适生于湿润肥沃土壤，对二氧化硫、氯气、氟化氢等有毒气体抗性较强；也耐烟尘。木材黄白色，材质坚重，可供装饰材用。叶、幼枝和花可提取芳香油；花制浸膏用。叶入药治高血压。种子榨油，含油率42.5％。

《云南植物志》|| 木兰科 Magnoliaceae ||木兰属 Magnolia Linn. ||荷花木兰 Magnolia grandiflora L.

10.荷花木兰（新拟）
荷花玉兰（广州植物志），洋玉兰（中国树木分类学）
Magnolia grandiflora L. (1759); 陈嵘 (1937)*; 广州植物志 (1956)*; 中国药用植物志 (1957)*; 海南植物志 (1964); 图鉴 (1972)*; Spongb. (1976)*; 湖北植物志 (1976); 中国树木志 (1983); 云南种子植物名录 (1984); 云南树木图志 (1988)*; 广东植物志 (1987)*; D. G. Frodin et R. Govaerts (1996); 中国植物志 (1996).
常绿乔木，在原产地高达30米。树皮淡褐色或灰色，薄鳞片状开裂；小枝粗壮，具横隔的髓心；小枝、芽、叶下面、叶柄均密被褐色或灰褐色短绒毛（幼树的叶下面无毛）。叶片厚革质，椭圆形、长圆状椭圆形或倒卵状椭圆形，长12-20厘米，宽4-7（10）厘米，先端钝或短钝尖，基部楔形，上面深绿色，有光泽，侧脉每边8-10条；叶柄长1.5-4厘米，无托叶痕，具深沟。花白色，有芳香，直径15-20厘米；花被片9-12，厚肉质，倒卵形，长6-10厘米，宽5-7厘米；雄蕊长约2厘米，花丝扁平，紫色，花药内向，药隔伸出成短尖；雌蕊群椭圆体形，密被长绒毛；心皮卵形，长1-1.5厘米，花柱呈卷曲状。聚合果圆柱状长圆形或卵圆形，长7-10厘米，径4-5厘米，密被褐色或淡灰黄色绒毛；蓇葖背裂，背面圆，顶端外侧具长喙；种子近卵形，长约14毫米，径约6毫米，外种皮红色。花期5-6月，果期9-10月。
昆明有栽培。原产北美洲东南部。我国长江流域以南各城市有栽培。
花大，白色，状如荷花，芳香，为美丽的庭园绿化观赏树种。木材黄白色，材质坚重，可供装饰材用。叶和花可提取芳香油；花制浸膏用；叶入药治高血压。

《Flora of China》|| Magnoliaceae || Magnolia ||荷花木兰 Magnolia grandiflora

1. Magnolia grandiflora Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1802. 1759.

荷花木兰 he hua mu lan

Trees, to 30 m tall but usually shorter when cultivated. Bark pale brown to gray, thinly scaly fissured. Twigs, vegetative buds, petioles, and leaf blade abaxial surfaces densely brown to grayish brown shortly tomentose but abaxial surface of young leaf blades glabrous. Twigs thick and strong. Petiole 1.5-4 cm, deeply furrowed, without a stipular scar; leaf blade elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or obovate-oblong, 10-20 × 4-7(-10) cm, thickly leathery, adaxially deep green and glossy, secondary veins 8-10 on each side of midvein, base cuneate, apex obtuse to shortly mucronate. Flowers 15-20 cm in diam., fragrant. Tepals 9-12, white, obovate, 6-10 × 5-7 cm, thickly fleshy. Stamens ca. 2 cm; filaments purple, flat; connective exserted and forming a mucro; anthers introrse. Gynoecium ellipsoid, densely long tomentose; carpels ovoid, 1-1.5 cm; styles reclinate. Fruit terete to ovoid, 7-10 × 4-5 cm, densely brown to pale grayish yellow tomentose; mature carpels abaxially rounded, dehiscing along dorsal sutures, apex long beaked. Seeds ovoid, ca. 1.4 × 0.6 cm; testa red. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct. 2n = 114.

Cultivated in provinces south of Chang Jiang [native to SE North America].

This species is widely cultivated as an ornamental and for timber.

《Flora of North America》|| Magnoliaceae || Magnolia || Magnolia grandiflora

7. Magnolia grandiflora Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1082. 1759.

Southern magnolia, bull-bay, laurier tulipier

Magnolia ferruginea Z.Collins ex Rafinesque; M. foetida (Linnaeus) Sargent; M. lacunosa Rafinesque; M. virginiana Linnaeus var. foetida Linnaeus

Trees , evergreen, single-trunked, to 37 m. Bark gray, rough, thick, furrowed in thick plates. Pith diaphragmed. Twigs and foliar buds densely red- or white-hairy. Leaves distinctly alternate, not in terminal whorl-like clusters; stipules 2, free, 4.5-13 × 1.5-3.5 cm, abaxially densely brown-silky, sometimes deeply notched. Leaf blade narrowly to broadly elliptic or oblanceolate, (7.5-)13-20(-26) × (4.5-)6-10(-12.5) cm, thick-leathery, base narrowly cuneate, apex abruptly tapered and acute to short-acuminate, rarely obtuse; surfaces abaxially glabrous to densely red-brown felted, adaxially bright green, lustrous, glabrous. Flowers strongly lemony fragrant, 15-30(-45) cm across; spathaceous bracts 2, leathery, outer bract abaxially brown to grayish pilose, deeply notched, smaller, inner bract adaxially densely brown to grayish pilose, shallowly notched, larger; tepals creamy white; stamens (179-)213-383(-405), 16-29 mm; filaments purple; pistils (45-)55-81(-89). Follicetums cylindric to somewhat obovoid, 7-10 × 3.5-5 cm; follicles beaked, sparsely to densely silky-villous. Seeds lenticular to narrowly ellipsoid, (9-)12-14 mm, adaxially slightly grooved, aril red. 2 n =114.

Flowering spring. Wooded dunes, hammocks, river bottoms, mesic woods, and ravine slopes; coastal plain; 0-120m; Ala., Ark., Fla., Ga., La., Miss., N.C., S.C., Tex.

Magnolia grandiflora (a hexaploid) is highly variable, especially the leaves, which range from glabrous to densely red-brown felted on the abaxial surface. It is the only magnolia species in the flora with free stipules, and the inner spathaceous bract is unique among Magnolia taxa in the flora. Curled filiform trichomes occur on the abaxial leaf surface. In the wild, hybrids with M. virginiana (a diploid) have been reported but not confirmed by the present author. The compatibility of these taxa is well known from the Freeman hybrid, a highly sterile tetraploid growing at the U.S. National Arboretum in Washington, D.C. In crosses using the hexaploid M. grandiflora , this parent is dominant and nearly masks the other parent.

Magnolia grandiflora is an escape, and it naturalizes in the tidewater area of Virginia and locally elsewhere beyond its natural range in the southeastern United States. It ranks among the noblest of North American broadleaved trees and is cultivated widely in the United States and in many other countries. A large number of cultivars have been introduced to horticulture.

Southern magnolia ( Magnolia grandiflora ) is the state tree of both Louisiana and Mississippi.

The largest known tree of Magnolia grandiflora, 37.2m in height with a trunk diameter of 1.97m, is recorded from Smith County, Mississippi (American Forestry Association 1994).

The Choctaw and Koasati tribes used the bark of Magnolia grandiflora as dermatological and kidney aids (D.A. Moerman 1986).