《中国植物志》|| 十字花科 CRUCIFERAE ||碎米荠组 Sect. Cardamine ||弯曲碎米荠 Cardamine flexuosa With.

28. 弯曲碎米荠（江苏南部种子植物手册）碎米荠（东北植物检索表）、蔊菜（台湾植物志）
Cardamine flexuosa With. in Bot. Arrang. Brit. Fl. ed. 3. 3: 578. 1796; O. E. Schulz in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 32: 473. 1903 et in Act. Hort. Gothob. 1: 159. 1924; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 360. 1931; T. Y. Cheo in Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 2: 189. 1948; 江苏南部种子植物手册322。图513. 1959; 东北植物检索表108. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 53. 图1836. 1972; 秦岭植物志1 (2): 388. 1974; 湖北植物志2: 44, 图739. 1979; 东北草本植物志4: 109. 图版61. 1980——Cardamine sylvatica Link in Phytogr. Blatt. 1: 50. 1803; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 127. 1842. ——C. hirsuta L. var. sylvatica (Link) Hook. f. et T. Anders. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 138. 1872——C. hirsuta L. subsp. Flexuosa With. ex Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 43: 1886.
一年或二年生草本，高达30厘米。茎自基部多分枝，斜升呈铺散状，表面疏生柔毛。基生叶有叶柄，小叶3-7对，顶生小叶卵形，倒卵形或长圆形，长与宽各为2-5毫米、顶端3齿裂，基部宽楔形，有小叶柄，侧生小叶卵形，较顶生的形小，1-3齿裂，有小叶柄；茎生叶有小叶3-5对，小叶多为长卵形或线形，1-3裂或全缘，小叶柄有或无，全部小叶近于无毛。总状花序多数，生于枝顶，花小，花梗纤细，长2-4毫米；萼片长椭圆形，长约2.5毫米，边缘膜质；花瓣白色，倒卵状楔形，长约3.5毫米；花丝不扩大；雌蕊柱状，花柱极短，柱头扁球状。长角果线形，扁平，长12-20毫米，宽约1毫米，与果序轴近于平行排列，果序轴左右弯曲，果梗直立开展，长3-9毫米。种子长圆形而扁，长约1毫米，黄绿色，顶端有极窄的翅。花期3-5月，果期4-6月。
分布几遍全国。生于田边、路旁及草地。朝鲜、日本、苏联、欧洲、北美洲均有分布。模式标本采自欧洲。
全草入药，能清热、利湿、健胃、止泻。

《云南植物志》|| 十字花科 Cruciferae nom. conserv. ||碎米荠属 Cardamine L. ||弯曲碎米荠 (原变种) Cardamine flexuosa var. flexuosa

19a.弯曲碎米荠（原变种）图版19，1—4
var. flexuosa
一年或二年生草本；根纤维状。茎自基部分枝，斜上呈铺散状，上部略呈之字形弯曲，具沟，高10—30厘米，通常直至花梗均被疏柔毛。叶为奇数羽状复叶，膜质，基生叶少数，后枯干；茎生叶长2.5—9厘米，有柄，顶生小叶菱状卵形，长0.4—3厘米，宽0.3—1.5厘米，侧生小叶3—5对，卵形、长卵形或线形，长0.3—0.6厘米，宽0.2—0.4厘米，小叶均全缘或有1—3圆裂，并在两面及边缘有疏柔毛。总状花序有花10—20朵，花后伸长；花梗长3—4毫米，直立开展，果时长5—7毫米；萼片绿色或淡绿色，具白色膜质边缘，长圆形，长1—2毫米，外面上部疏生柔毛；花瓣白色，倒卵状楔形，长3.5—4毫米，先端钝圆，基部渐狭成爪；雄蕊长2.5—5毫米；雌蕊无毛。长角果线形，长1—2厘米，宽约1毫米；果瓣有细条纹；隔膜膜质，白色，无脉；种子长圆形，扁平，长约1毫米，平滑，褐色。 花期2—3月，果期3—4月。
产昆明等各处，生田边、路旁及草地，海拔约1900米；辽宁、河北、河南、陕西、甘肃、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、福建、四川也有。亦见于印度、尼泊尔、锡金、不丹、朝鲜、日本、俄罗斯、欧洲各国以及北美。
全草入药，有清热利湿、健胃、止泻之功效。

《云南植物志》|| 十字花科 Cruciferae nom. conserv. ||碎米荠属 Cardamine L. ||弯曲碎米荠 Cardamine flexuosa With.

19.弯曲碎米荠（江苏南部种子植物手册）
地甘豆、蔊菜、惊解姜
Cardamine flexuosa With. (1976); O. E. Schulz in Engl. (1903), (1924); Hand. -Mazz. (1931); Cheo (1948); Kitamura (1955); 江苏南部种子植物手册 (1959)*; 东北植物检索表 (1959); Banerji (1966); "图鉴" (1972)*; Murata (1974); 秦岭植物志 (1974); 湖北植物志 (1979); 东北草本植物志 (1980)*; C. Y. Wu (1984); Griers. (1984); K. C. Kuan (1985); 中国植物志 (1987)*; X. L. Yang (1988).
Cardamine hirsuta L. var. sylvatica auct. non Link: Hook. f. et T. Anders. (1872), p. p.; Franch. (1889); C. hirsuta L. ssp. flexuosa With. ex Forbes et Hemsl. (1880); C. hirsuta L. var. flaccida Franch. (1889); C. scutata Thunb. ssp. flaccida (With.) Hara (1952), (1966), (1979).
一年或二年生草本；根纤维状。茎自基部分枝，斜上呈铺散状，上部略呈之字形弯曲，具沟，高10—30厘米，通常直至花梗均被疏柔毛。叶为奇数羽状复叶，膜质，基生叶少数，后枯干；茎生叶长2.5—9厘米，有柄，顶生小叶菱状卵形，长0.4—3厘米，宽0.3—1.5厘米，侧生小叶3—5对，卵形、长卵形或线形，长0.3—0.6厘米，宽0.2—0.4厘米，小叶均全缘或有1—3圆裂，并在两面及边缘有疏柔毛。总状花序有花10—20朵，花后伸长；花梗长3—4毫米，直立开展，果时长5—7毫米；萼片绿色或淡绿色，具白色膜质边缘，长圆形，长1—2毫米，外面上部疏生柔毛；花瓣白色，倒卵状楔形，长3.5—4毫米，先端钝圆，基部渐狭成爪；雄蕊长2.5—5毫米；雌蕊无毛。长角果线形，长1—2厘米，宽约1毫米；果瓣有细条纹；隔膜膜质，白色，无脉；种子长圆形，扁平，长约1毫米，平滑，褐色。花期2—3月，果期3—4月。
产昆明等各处，生田边、路旁及草地，海拔约1900米；辽宁、河北、河南、陕西、甘肃、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、福建、四川也有。亦见于印度、尼泊尔、锡金、不丹、朝鲜、日本、俄罗斯、欧洲各国以及北美。
全草入药，有清热利湿、健胃、止泻之功效。

《Flora of North America》|| Brassicaceae || Cardamine || Cardamine flexuosa

17. Cardamine flexuosa Withering, Arr. Brit. Pl. ed. 3. 3: 578. 1796.

Cardamine flexuosa subsp. debilis O. E. Schulz; C. flexuosa var. debilis (O. E. Schulz) T. Y. Cheo & R. C. Fang; C. hirsuta Linnaeus subsp. flexuosa (Withering) F. B. Forbes & Hemsley; C. scutata Thunberg subsp. flexuosa (Withering) H. Hara

Annuals or biennials; sparse-ly to densely hirsute basally or throughout, or glabrous. Rhizomes absent. Stems erect, ascending, or decumbent, branched or unbranched, (0.6-)1-5 dm, (slightly flexuous). Basal l eaves (often withered by anthesis), not rosulate, 5-15-foliolate, (2.7-)4-14 (-19) cm, leaflets petiolulate; petiole 0.7-5 cm, (ciliate or not); lateral leaflet blade oblong, ovate, or elliptic, smaller than terminal, margins entire, repand, crenate, or 3 (or 5)-lobed; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.3-1.7 cm), blade reniform, broadly ovate, or suborbicular, 0.5-2.5 cm × 4-30 mm, margins repand, crenate, or 3 or 5-lobed. Cauline leaves 3-15, 5-15-foliolate [leaves (2-)3.5-5.5(-7) cm, including petiole], petiolate, leaflets petiolulate; petiole base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to basal, (0.4-2.5 mm wide). Racemes ebracteate. Fruiting pedicels divaricate or ascending, (5-)6-14(-17) mm. Flowers: sepals oblong, 1.5-2.5 × 0.7-1 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, spatulate, 2.5-4(-5) × 1-1.7 mm; (stamens rarely 4, lateral pair absent); filaments 2-3 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3-0.5 mm. Fruits linear, (torulose), (0.8-)1.2-2.8 cm × 1-1.5 mm; ovules 18-40 per ovary; style 0.3-1(-1.5) mm. Seeds brown, oblong or subquadrate, 0.9-1.5 × 0.6-1 mm, (narrowly margined or not). 2n = 32.

Flowering Apr-Jul. Disturbed areas, fields, nurseries, plantations, gardens, flower beds, lawns, roadsides; 0-1100 m; introduced; B.C., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), Ont.; Ala., Calif., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., La., Md., Mich., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Oreg., R.I., Tex., Va., Wash.; Europe; e Asia; introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, Australia.

According to J. Lihová et al. (2006), the populations referred to Cardamine flexuosa in North America comprise two taxa of different polyploid origins and evolutionary histories: tetraploid C. flexuosa (2n = 32), native to Europe, and the octoploid taxon informally called "Asian C. flexuosa" (2n = 64), native to eastern Asia. For the latter, the name C. flexuosa subsp. debilis can be used. Nevertheless, these two taxa should be recognized at species level and the correct name for the Asian species should be sought. Based on available data, both taxa occupy the same habitats in North America, but the Asian taxon is much more widespread. The occurrence of European C. flexuosa was, until now, confirmed only for Washington, where both taxa have been recorded. More detailed studies of the North American distributions of both these weeds are needed.

《Flora of China》|| Brassicaceae || Cardamine ||弯曲碎米荠 Cardamine flexuosa

47. Cardamine flexuosa Withering, Arr. Brit. Pl., ed. 3. 3: 578. 1796.

弯曲碎米荠 wan qu sui mi ji

Barbarea arisanensis (Hayata) S. S. Ying; Cardamine arisanensis Hayata; C. debilis D. Don (1825), not Banks ex de Candolle (1821); C. flexuosa subsp. debilis O. E. Schulz; C. flexuosa subsp. debilis var. occulata (Hornemann) O. E. Schulz; C. flexuosa var. debilis (O. E. Schulz) T. Y. Cheo & R. C. Fang; C. flexuosa var. ovatifolia T. Y. Cheo & R. C. Fang; C. hirsuta Linnaeus var. flaccida Franchet; C. hirsuta subsp. flexuosa (Withering) J. D. Hooker; C. hirsuta var. omeiensis T. Y. Cheo & R. C. Fang; C. hirsuta var. sylvatica (Link) Syme; C. occulata Hornemann; C. scutata Thunberg subsp. flexuosa (Withering) H. Hara; C. sylvatica Link; C. zollingeri Turczaninow; Nasturtium obliquum Zollinger.

Herbs annual or biennial, (6-)10-50 cm tall, sparsely to densely hirsute basally or throughout, or glabrous. Stems erect, ascending, or decumbent, 1 to several from base, simple or branched, flexuous or straight. Basal leaves not rosulate, often withered by anthesis, petiolate; leaf blade (2-)4-10(-14) cm, lyrate; terminal lobe reniform, broadly ovate, or suborbicular, repand or 3-5-lobed; lateral lobes, (1 or)2-6(or 7) on each side of midvein, petiolulate or subsessile, oblong, ovate, or elliptic, smaller than terminal lobe, entire, repand, crenate, or 3(-5)-lobed. Cauline leaves 3-15, including petiole (2-)3.5-5.5(-7) cm; petiole base not auriculate; terminal lobe 3-5-lobed; lateral lobes 2-7 on each side of midvein, suborbicular, ovate, oblong, oblanceolate, or linear, similar to or slightly smaller than terminal lobe, sessile or shortly petiolulate, entire, repand, dentate, or 3(-5)-lobed. Fruiting pedicels divaricate or ascending, (5-)6-14(-17) mm, slender. Sepals oblong, 1.5-2.5 × 0.7-1 mm. Petals white, spatulate, 2.5-4(-5) × 1-1.7 mm. Stamens 6, rarely 4 and lateral pair absent; filaments 2-3 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3-0.5 mm. Ovules 18-40 per ovary. Fruit linear, (0.8-)1.2-2.8 cm × 1-1.5 mm; valves glabrous, torulose; style 0.3-1(-1.5) mm. Seeds brown, oblong or subquadrate, 0.9-1.5 × 0.6-1 mm, narrowly margined or not. Fl. Feb-May, fr. Apr-Jul. 2n = 32.

Fields, roadsides, grasslands, disturbed sites, streamsides, clearings, running water, wet forests, dry sites, greenhouses; near sea level to 3600 m. Throughout China [Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam; native to Europe; naturalized in Australia and North and South America].

The above first records from Myanmar and Thailand are based on Keenan et al. 3918 (E) and Maxwell 90-149 (MO), respectively.

Cardamine flexuosa is one of the most variable species of Brassicaceae, especially in stem direction, plant height, density of indumentum, flower size, degree of zigzagging of the raceme rachis, orientation of fruiting pedicels and, most dramatically, number, shape, size, base (sessile vs. petiolulate), and margin of lateral leaf lobes. Although Schulz (Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 464-473. 1903) recognized 20 infraspecific taxa in C. flexuosa, an examination of the types of most of these reveals that he confused the limits of least four different species, including C. parviflora, C. scutata, and the North American C. pensylvanica Muhlenberg ex Willdenow. Only a small fraction of the vast number of variants of C. flexuosa have been accorded infraspecific ranks, but all of those occur sporadically throughout the range of the species, and the present authors prefer to avoid the recognition of infraspecific taxa that are based on unreliable characters, especially the morphology of lateral leaf lobes.

Although Cardamine occulata was based on Chinese material, it was not mentioned in FRPS, and it represents only a minor variant of C. flexuosa.

Cardamine flexuosa is used medicinally.