《中国植物志》|| 菊科 COMPOSITAE ||苦蒿系 Ser. 2. Absinthium ||冷蒿 Artemisia frigida Willd.

6.冷蒿（中国高等植物图鉴）白蒿（中药志），小白蒿（东北植物检索表），兔毛蒿（内蒙古），寒地蒿（甘肃），刚蒿（甘肃、宁夏），茵陈蒿（吉林、新疆），“阿格”（蒙语名）， “杭姆巴”（蒙药名）
Artemisia frigida Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 18 38. 1800: DC. Prodr 6: 124. 1837, incl. var. willdenowiana(Bess.) DC. et var. fischeriana (Bess.) DC.; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2 (2): 597. 1844-1846; Trautv. in Bull. Soc.Nat. Mosc. 2: 358. 1866, incl. var. intermedia Trautv.; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. Petersb. 8: 537. 1872: Franch. Pl. David. 1: 171. 1884: Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 443. 1888: Pamp. in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s. 34: 655. 1927. 46: 564. 1939 et in Act. Hort. Gothob. 6: 70. 1930, incl. var. typica Pamp. et var willdenoviana (Bess.) DC.: Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 2(10): 505. 1934; Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 425 1939: Kitam. in Trans. Sapp. Nat. Hist. Soc 16: 58. 1940, incl. var. mongolica Kitam.; 东北植物检索表396, 图版136, 图6. 1959: Poljak. Фл. СССР 26: 494. 1961: S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 18 (1-2): 133. 1965, incl. var. fischeriana (BesS.) DC. var. willdenoviana (Bess.) DC. et var. mongofica Kitam.; Filat. Фл. Каэах. 9: 98. 1966; Noda, Fl. N-E. Prov. (Manch.) China 1213. 1971: 中国高等植物图鉴4: 523,图6459. 1975——A. lanata Willd. var. al pina auct., non DC.: Liu in Bull. Pek. Soc. Nat. Hist. 2(3): 163. 1928. ——Absinthium frigidum Bess. l. c. 1 (8): 251, 253. 1929, incl. var. willdenovianum Bess. et var. fischerianum Bess.
多年生草本，有时略成半灌木状。主根细长或粗，木质化，侧根多；根状茎粗短或咯细，有多条营养枝，并密生营养叶。茎直立，数枚或多数常与营养枝共组成疏松或稍密集的小丛，稀单生，高30-60(-70)厘米，稀10-20厘米，基部多少木质化，上部分枝，枝短，稀略长，斜向上，或不分枝；茎、枝、叶及总苞片背面密被淡灰黄色或灰白色、稍带绢质的短绒毛，后茎上毛稍脱落。茎下部叶与营养枝叶长圆形或倒卵状长圆形，长、宽0.8-1.5厘米，二（至三）回羽状全裂，每侧有裂片（2-）3-4枚，小裂片线状披针形或披针形，叶柄长0.5-2厘米；中部叶长圆形或倒卵状长圆形，长、宽0.5-0.7厘米，一至二回羽状全裂，每侧裂片3-4枚，中部与上半部侧裂片常再3-5全裂，下半部侧裂片不再分裂或有1-2枚小裂片，小裂片长椭圆状披针形、披针形或线状披针形，长2-3毫米，宽0.5-1.5毫米，先端锐尖，基部裂片半抱茎，并成假托叶状，无柄；上部叶与苞片叶羽状全裂或3-5全裂，裂片长椭圆状披针形或线状披针形。头状花序半球形、球形或卵球形，直径（2-)2.5-3(-4）毫米，在茎上排成总状花序或为狭窄的总状花序式的圆锥花序；总苞片3-4层，外层、中层总苞片卵形或长卵形，背面密被短绒毛，有绿色中肋，边缘膜质，内层总苞片长卵形或椭圆形，背面近无毛，半膜质或膜质；花序托有白色托毛；雌花8-13朵，花冠狭管状，檐部具2-3裂齿，花柱伸出花冠外，上部2叉，叉枝长，叉端尖；两性花20-30朵，花冠管状，花药线形，先端附属物尖，长三角形，基部圆钝，花柱与花冠近等长，先端2叉，叉端截形。瘦果长圆形或椭圆状倒卵形，上端圆，有时有不对称的膜质冠状边缘。花果期7-10月。
产黑龙江（西部）、吉林（西部）、辽宁（西部）、内蒙古、河北（北部）、山西（北部）、陕西（北部）、宁夏、甘肃、青海、新疆、西藏等省区；东北、华北省区分布在海拔1 000-2 500米，西北省区分布在海拔1 000-3800米，西藏分布在海拔4 000米附近；分布广，适应性强，在我国森林草原、草原、荒漠草原及干旱与半干旱地区的山坡、路旁、砾质旷地、固定沙丘、戈壁、高山草甸等地区都有，常构成山地干旱与半干旱地区植物群落的建群种或主要伴生种。蒙古、土耳其、伊朗、苏联（中亚、西伯利亚及欧洲部分地区）及北美洲的加拿大北部、美国西部、中部及西南部都有。模式标本采自苏联西伯利亚。
全草入药，有止痛、消炎、镇咳作用，还作“茵陈”的代用品。在牧区为牲畜营养价值良好的饲料。

《Flora of North America》|| Asteraceae || Artemisia || Artemisia frigida

20. Artemisia frigida Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 3: 1838. 1803.

Fringed sage, prairie sagewort, armoise douce

Artemisia frigida var. gmeliniana (Besser) Besser; A. frigida var. williamsiae S. L. Welsh

Perennials, 10–40 cm (forming silvery mats or mounds), strongly aromatic. Stems gray-green or brown, glabrescent. Leaves persistent, silver-gray; blades ovate, 0.5–1.5(–2.5) cm, 1–2-ternately lobed (lobes 0.2–0.5 mm wide), faces densely whitish-pubescent. Heads in (leafy) paniculiform arrays 0.5–2(–4) × 4–15(–20) cm. Involucres globose, (3–)5 × (2–)5–6 mm. Phyllaries gray-green (margins sometimes brownish), densely tomentose. Florets: pistillate 10–17; bisexual 20–50; corollas 1.5–2 mm, glabrous. Cypselae 1–1.5 mm, glabrous. 2n = 18.

Flowering summer–fall. Fields, meadows, dry grasslands, steppes, usually stony, well-drained soils; 500–3300 m; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., N.W.T., Nunavut, Ont., Que., Sask., Yukon; Alaska, Ariz., Colo., Idaho, Ill., Iowa, Kans., Minn., Mont., Nebr., N.Mex., N.Dak., S.Dak., Tex., Utah, Wash., Wis., Wyo.; Eurasia.

Reports of Artemisia frigida from eastern Canada (Ontario eastward), the eastern United States (e.g., Connecticut, Massachusetts, Michigan, Vermont), and Arkansas and Missouri appear to be from old garden sites where the plants may persist. The similarity of this native species to cultivars from eastern Asia (especially Siberia) has led to a number of reports that are apparently based on other cultivars. As a plant with attractive silver foliage, this species has good potential as a drought-hardy plant for flower gardens in cold climates.

《Flora of China》|| Asteraceae || Artemisia ||冷蒿 Artemisia frigida

6. Artemisia frigida Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 3: 1838. 1803.

冷蒿 leng hao

Herbs, perennial, or occasionally subshrubs, (10-)30-60(-70) cm tall, densely yellowish or pale yellow sericeous, sometimes stem bases glabrescent. Stems several, woody at base, shortly branched or not. Lower stem leaves: petiole 5-20 mm; leaf blade oblong or obovate-oblong, 0.8-1.5 × 0.8-1.5 cm, 2(or 3)-pinnatisect; segments (2-)4 pairs; lobules linear-lanceolate or lanceolate. Middle stem leaves: blade oblong or obovate-oblong, 5-7 × 5-7 mm, 1- or 2-pinnatisect; lobules lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 2-3 × 0.5-1.5 mm. Uppermost leaves and bracts pinnately or 3-5-lobed. Synflorescence a spike or raceme, sometimes branched to form a panicle. Capitula nodding. Involucre hemispheric, globose, or ovoid, (2-)2.5-4.5 mm in diam.; receptacle densely white pubescent. Marginal female florets 8-13; corolla limb yellow or purple. Disk florets 20-30, bisexual. Achenes oblong or ellipsoid-obovate, with a minute apical corona. Fl. and fr. Jun-Oct. 2n = 18, 36; (n = 9+3b, 18, 18+2b, 36).

Steppes, subalpine meadows, dry hillsides, stable dunes, dry waste areas; 1000-4000 m. Gansu, Hebei, W Heilongjiang, N Hubei, W Jilin, W Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, N Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Xizang [Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan; SW Asia, E Europe].